Vardzia

Vardzia is a cave monastery town carved into the slope of Erusheti Mountain on the left bank of the Mtkvari (Kura) River. Construction began in the 12th century under King George III and was completed during the reign of Queen Tamar. The complex contains hundreds of caves — chapels, refectories, wine cellars and living quarters — connected by rock-cut tunnels.

The central Church of the Dormition preserves unique 12th-century frescoes, including a contemporary portrait of Queen Tamar. Although the earthquake of 1283 destroyed part of the complex, Vardzia remains an active monastery and one of Georgia's most important cultural landmarks.